Saturday, 17 August 2013

V。聲調和調號的標法7-8 (a / e / o)



V。聲調和調號的標法   (a / e / o)
     口訣記調號
     「有/a/不放過
       /a//e/,/o/
      /i//u/並列標在后
       單個母音不必說」  (小学课本)
There are 4 tones in the Chinese language.  To indicate the tones, always mark on /a /.  However there is no  /a/ sound,  look for / e / or / o / sound.   For the diphthong / iu /, or / ui /  always mark on the second speech sound.  If there are monophthongs, just mark on them. 

A. 單韻母   (Monophthongs)
   調號一定是標在   (a   e   i   o   u)

                                    
                                     
           ī          í        ĭ         í
                     ó               ò
          ū                           

(當調號標在 /i//i/上面那一點,便要去掉。)
(Delete the dot of / i / speech sound if you mark the tone.)

B. 復韻母
1.  /a/,調號一定是標在 /a/ 之上

          āi         ai           ai         ai                                                                   
          ia           iaˊ           ia           ia
        ao        ao          ǎo         ao  
        iao       iao          iao          iào
        ua        ua          ua           ua  
           uai       uaˊi          uai           uai

2. 标在 /e/  /o/ à    ei - ie  ou - uo
    ei       eˊi     ei    ei
    ie       ie     ie       ie  ̀                                                                               
    ōu     ou    ou   ou
     uo     uo    uǒ   uo

3.  / i / ,/ u/ 并列标在后  iu - ui
     iū       iu     iu     iu        
     u ī      u ī     u ī     u ì
                                                                                                               9

C.  声母搭配韵母 /ü/
    /ü/ 上面的2 点便去掉
    When a consonant goes with  /ü/, delete the 2 dots on top of it before you mark the   
    tone.

    ju       ju       ju       ju       
    qu      qu      qu      qu
    xu      xu      xu      xu
    yu      yu      yu      yu

但是如果声母 / l / / n / //搭配 /ü/ 上面两点就不要省略。(l ü)  (n ü)
Don't Delete the 2 dots when / ü / goes with / l / or / n / speech sound.

 聲調/字調   (Tones)
高低升降的變化 (    ̄  ˊ     ̌      ̀   )̀
Note: 陰平,陽平,上聲和去聲 ( 1, 2, 3, 4 四聲 )輕聲 ( 
 There are 4 marks to indicate the height and variation of the tones as indicated
    ̄  ˊ     ̌      ̀   ) and a soft tone.

兒語記聲調(小學參考書)(1977)
「一聲高高平又平
 二聲就像上山坡
 三聲下坡又上坡
 四聲就像下山坡」

 Tone 1 is high and flat.  Tone 2 is like climbing up the slope whereas Tone 3 is like going down the slope and up again.  Tone 4 is going down the slope.      

(―    ↘↗   ↘)
               Tone 1 high and flat 
               Tone 2 up the slope  
               Tone 3 down and up 
               Tone 4 down, down, down
               There is a soft tone to remember too.

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