英汉母子音比一比56 -58

VIII。英語和漢語母音&子音的比較   

A。Vowels  Phonemes        

No.    Phonemes            Helping Words    華語的母音                  

1.       /  i: /                          E                           / i /              依                (yi)

2.       /  I  /                         it

3.       /  eI  /                       A                           / ei /            威                (wei)

4.       /  e  /                        egg                        / ê /             欸                (ê)

5.       / æ /                         cat

6.       /  ɑ：  /                      R                           / ɑ /             阿               

7.       / ɒ /                         dog

8.       / ʌ /                          up

9.       /  u: /                        blue                       / u /             屋                (wu)

10.     /  U  /                       book

11.     / ә U   /                    O                           / ou /           鷗

12.     /   ɔ: /                      awe                       / o /             哦

13.     /  3:  /                       sir                           / er/             耳

14.     / ә /   (/  ә’gәU/)     ago                       / e  /            娥

15.     /  aI  /                       I                          / ai /            愛

16.     / aU /                        cow                     / ao /           凹

17.     /  ɔ I  /                      oil

18.     / I ә /                         ear                        / ie /            也                (ye)

19.     / e ә /                         air                        

20.     / U ә /                        tour                       / uo /           我                (wo)

                                                                                                              

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B)  Consonants

No.      Phonemes        Helping Words                           華語的子音

1.       /  p  /               p --- pen                                          / p /              派   (pai)

2.       /  b  /               b --- bed                                          / b /             拜   (bai)

3.       /  t  /                 t ---  tea                                          / t /              他   (ta)

4.        /  d  /              d ---  desk                                        / d /             大   (da)

5.        /  k  /               c --- uncle / k ---ankle                        / k /             可   (ke)

6.        /  g  /                g --- girl                                             / g /             哥   (ge)

7.       /   ∫    /               sh -- she /t -- patient /c – ocean         / x /            許  (xu)

8.       /   ӡ    /              s -- leisure                                        / j /              覺  (jue)

9.      /  t∫     /                ch – chair                                          / ch /            車  (che)

10.     /  dӡ    /              ge – orange /dge – bridge/ J -- June    / zh /            這  (zhe)

    

11.      /   f  /                  f – fly / gh – rough / ph – elephant     / f /              發   (fa)

12.     /   v  /                 v – vase     

13.      /   s  /                 s – sea / c – cell / x – box                   / s /              絲   (si)

14.       /   z  /                z – zoo / s – boys / es – houses           / z/              子   (zi)

15.       /  θ    /               th – three

16.       /   ð    /              th – father

17.       /   h  /                 h --  hat                                                / h /             和   (he)

18.       /  m  /                 m – mother                                          / m /             媽   (ma)

19.       /  n  /            n – no / n – on                                            / n / (前鼻音)          嗯    

20.      /  ŋ   /            nk – sink / ng – sing                                   / ng /(後鼻音) 嗯    

21.      /  l  /              l – all /  l – like                                            / l /              了   (le)

22.     /  r  /              r – red                                                        / r /              熱   (re)

23.    /  j  /               y – yes                                                       / y /              一   (yi)

24.    /  w  /             w – we                                                      / w /             握   (wo）

C.   汉语声母表格： 发音部位

                      双唇音   唇齿音   舌尖音   舌尖前音   舌尖后音   舌面前音   舌根音   特别声母

塞音      送气   p                        t                                                            k

          不送气    b                       d                                                            g

擦音       送气                f                           s             sh               x            h  

          不送气                                                           *r

塞擦音   送气                                            c             ch              q

           不送气                                            z             zh                j

边音      

           不送气                             *l       

鼻音

          不送气      *m                    *n                                                              ng

                                                                                                                                           w   y

*浊音    l   r   m   n

Consonant Features in Description:  Places and Manners of Articulation

                 Phonation Bilabial   Labiodental   Interdental  Alveolar  Palatal  Velar  Glottal

Stop                 voiceless       p                                                        t                          k

                        Voiced             b                                                        d                          g

Fricative          voiceless                       f                       θ              s               ʃ                      h        

                        Voiced                              v                       ð              z              ʒ

Affricative     Voiceless                                                                                   ʧ

                        Voiced                                                                                        ʤ

Glides              Voiced          w                                                                           j

   Lateral         Voiced                                                                       l

   Retroflex      Voiced                                                                      r           

Nasal               Voiced           m                                                        n                         ŋ